Tran Quoc Pagoda: A Historic Landmark in Hanoi
Tran Quoc Pagoda is the oldest Buddhist temple in Hanoi, with over 1,500 years of history. It was built between 541 and 545 along the banks of the Red River during the reign of King Ly Nam De. After 150 years, the riverbanks eroded, and the pagoda was relocated to Kim Ngu Island, situated between Truc Bach Lake and West Lake, just a few minutes from the Old Quarter.
A pagoda is a tiered Buddhist tower with multiple layers and eaves, common in countries like China, South Korea, and Japan, as well as Vietnam. In countries like Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, stupas are more common. Pagodas and stupas share a similar spiritual significance.
In the past, Tran Quoc Pagoda was a favorite spot for many Vietnamese kings during special occasions. It has also been mentioned in many poems. Today, it’s a place of faith, attracting visitors with its unique architectural style and scenic location by the lake.
Read also: What to Do in Hanoi: 15 Top Attractions | Vietnam Travel Guide: 15-Day Itinerary from North to South
TRAN QUOC PAGODA: ARCHITECTURE AND HISTORY
Its architecture reflects the style of ancient temples in Hanoi. Within the complex, you’ll find three main buildings: Tien Duong, where there is an incense burner; Nha To, dedicated to honoring ancestors; and Nha Bia, which houses 14 significant steles from 1813 to 1815.
The number three represents luck and prosperity, and the three interconnected buildings make the pagoda resemble a lotus flower, a symbol important to Buddhism. Additionally, the complex features a sacred Bodhi tree, a gift from India.
Tran Quoc Pagoda has been a place where many renowned monks have practiced their faith, such as Zen Master Van Phong, Master Khuong Viet Chan Luu, and Zen Master Thao Duong, founder of the Thao Duong Zen sect in 1069 during the reign of Ly Thanh Tong, among many others.
TRAN QUOC PAGODA: STATUES AND STUPAS
The pagoda houses numerous statues of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, each with artistic value and centuries-old heritage. All are on display.
It also features a statue of Buddha Shakyamuni entering Nirvana, carved from gilded wood, considered the most beautiful in Vietnam. This depiction is rare in northern Vietnam, whereas in Thailand and Laos, it is known as the Reclining Buddha.
Certainly, the highlight of Tran Quoc Pagoda is the Bao Thap Luc Do Dai Sem, the red stupa that has become the symbol of the site. It can be seen from afar on the horizon.
About 20 years ago, the pagoda unveiled a lotus-shaped stupa standing 15 meters tall, with 11 tiers decorated with 66 statues of the Amitabha Buddha made from precious stones. At the top is a stone-carved lotus tower known as Cuu Pham Lien Hoan.
Surrounding the stupa, there are several smaller structures where people pray and burn incense. These places house the ashes of important monks.
The pagoda has been recognized by the Ministry of Culture as a national historical and cultural relic.
Tran Quoc Pagoda, the oldest Buddhist temple in Hanoi, was built in 545. It is located on Kim Ngu Island, between Truc Bach Lake and West Lake, and is open daily with free entry.
Read also: What to Do in Hoi An, Vietnam: 12 Must-See Attractions | 10 Essential Tips for Your First Trip to Vietnam
HOW TO VISIT TRAN QUOC PAGODA
Tran Quoc Pagoda is open daily from 8 AM to 4 PM, and admission is free. It is located 5 km from the Old Quarter. If you’re not on a guided city tour, you can reach it via Grab (a ride-sharing app similar to Uber).
As a sacred site, visitors must follow a strict dress code, covering shoulders, knees, and necklines. Additionally, remember to remove shoes and hats before entering the sanctuaries.
The site is always bustling with visitors. However, on the 1st and 15th day of the Lunar Calendar, there are even more visitors, including Buddhist monks. These days correspond to the new moon and full moon.
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